Parental leave encompasses all types of leave related to having or caring for a new child. Entitlements vary enormously globally, from a few weeks to over a year, with different provisions for mothers, fathers, and adoptive parents.
Maternity Leave
Maternity leave specifically covers birth mothers, often starting before the due date and extending after birth. Most countries mandate some paid maternity leave, though duration and payment levels vary. The ILO recommends at least 14 weeks; many countries exceed this.
Paternity and Partner Leave
Leave for fathers and non-birthing partners is increasingly common but typically shorter than maternity leave. Some countries offer substantial paternity leave while others provide just a few days. Policies vary on whether partners must be married or can be same-sex.
Shared and Flexible Options
Progressive policies allow parents to share leave between them. This promotes gender equality and gives families flexibility. Some countries offer part-time leave options or allow leave to be taken over an extended period rather than all at once.